In its common usage Vinyl, as in referring to phonograph records, refers to PVC, Poly(vinyl choride). So if you see something called vinyl it’s PVC.
https://community.glowforge.com/t/stuff-you-shouldnt-laser/6464
But other materials may have vinyl in their name and be fine to use. The vinyl monomer is not the problem, it’s what gets attached to the vinyl monomer that is the problem. Vinyl is pretty simple, just some Carbon and Hydrogen. It’s the R in R−CH=CH2 that’s needs to be worried about.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinyl_group
White glue is PVAc which is Poly(Vinyl Acetate) which is fine to laser.
PVAl, Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) is also fine.
(Note that sometimes just PVA is used to denote the two above, so be aware.)
Henryhbk uses PVAl in some of his projects.
https://community.glowforge.com/t/my-medical-molding-projects/3550
As jrnelson pointed out, it’s when the R is a halogen (e.g. fluorine, chlorine, bromine) that problems occur.
Bottom line:
If the material’s name is vinyl immediately think danger. But if part of its name is vinyl assume the worse, but hit Wikipedia to see if it’s halogenated.