Thanks to everyone who’s provided great information on this thread. @e81, welcome to the forum. Apologies if the title of this section of the forum is unclear; every thread here is not just open to but welcoming of community involvement.
1: Glowforge has 1,000 dpi resolution and variable depth engraving, so the example you show should be possible - although it will depend on the material, the size of the engraving, and various other factors.
2: That is an actual engraving from a very early prototype, and represents where the hardware was at that point. It’s better now, and will continue to improve dramatically.