Before I began generating Lichtenberg pattern in wood, I first viewed many of the YouTube videos to learn the theory (very little) and practical experience. Frankly, I am surprised that some folks lived to make their YouTube video. The wiring is simple, but I wanted to be sure it was safe over time. The transformer, power cord, and fan came out of a Goodwill microwave ($5.00). The 110 volt side of the primary coil was obvious. The 4000 volt lead comes directly out of the secondary coil. The two other leads that can be cut off and tapped off. The high voltage circuit is completed with a ground wired directly to the transformer. I added the fan for my safety, since its a visual and audible indicator of a powered-up transformer meaning 4000 volts coming out of the secondary. It is not required, but also blows the smoke, improving visibility. Also for safety, I opted to directly connect the microwave’s power cord to the transformer rather than through a switch. That way I am always about 6 feet away from arching in the wood.
Since wood is not a good conductor, an electrolyte needs to be painted or sponged on to the surface of the wood before applying power. Baking soda and water (1 or 2 tbl per cup of water) is generally used, but I have found calcium chloride produced good results. Its safe (used in pickling, cheese making, deicing, and water treatment) and I read that it has more available ions than baking soda.
Experimentation is required to get the wood wet enough to conduct, but overly wet does not work. Some woods get dried out as high voltage is applied. I have found that longitudinally grained pine gives me consistent (but not predictable) results. Cedar worked ok and plywood burned too much. Method and placement of high voltage contacts on the wood is open to experimentation also. Generally I do not let a high voltage cycle exceed one minute. I like lightning-like lines, not charcoal gouges. I dont know if its a potential problem, but short cycles seem to keep the transformer from overheating.
I constantly remind myself that the transformer is putting out between 2000 and 4000 volts with enough amperage to stop my heart forever. Be safe.
