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If you created the circle around the logo as a vector, no matter how thick the line shows in Inkscape, it will be a single stroke for the Glowforge interface. You will need to thicken the circle’s stroke then expand it so that it will engrave. You can also thicken the line and rasterize the file so it becomes an engraveable shape.
This discussion may help you: Engrave a line in Inkscape